Journal: Frontiers in Immunology
Article Title: Synergistic antitumor and immunomodulatory effects of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis V9 combined with anti–PD-1 therapy
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1791276
Figure Lengend Snippet: B. lactis V9 Induces Immune Activation In Vitro . (a) Experimental workflow for evaluating cytokine responses in THP-1–derived macrophages. (b) Levels of cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 at different dose gradients. LPS; positive control; Control: blank control. * P < 0.05; ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.0001; Kruskal–Wallis test.
Article Snippet: CT26 (murine colon carcinoma, BALB/c origin), MC38 (murine colon adenocarcinoma, C57BL/6 origin), 4T1 (murine mammary carcinoma, BALB/c origin), and THP-1 (human monocytic leukemia) cell lines were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA).
Techniques: Activation Assay, In Vitro, Derivative Assay, Positive Control, Control